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16Makingthex1ccityofcentresx1disthecentralorganizingconceptoftheSanDiego2008GeneralPlan.Thecentresareenvisionedtobecompactandwalkabletohavearobustmixofusesfocusedupontransportax1aonnetworksandtobedexdnedbyopen-spacenetworks.ItwasalsothevisionthatinspiredtheMetropolitanStrategydocumentCityofCies-aPlanforSydneyx19sFuturewhichunfortunatelyprovedsllbornforlackoffollowthroughconsultaonplanningandaconatasub-regionallevel.HopefullythenewstateplanningmodelproposedintheJuly2012GreenPaperx13ANewPlanningSystemforNSW-willhelpmakeitatangiblereality.ForSydneytobecomeagenuinemetropolisofmoderncentresitneedstoreorganiseitslocalgovernmenttoaddressbothregionalandlocalplanninganddevelopmentissuesontheonehandandtoreallocateresourcesfromrecurrenttocapitalspendingtoovercomeahugeinfrastructurerenewalbacklogwithoutmakingdevelopersbearthecostforpastneglect.CONCLUSIONThereisanaveviewinSydneythatifdevelopersarediscouragedthecityx19spopulaongrowthwillceaseandSydneywonx19tneedtochangeitslandusecharacter.ThereisalsoaconviconthattheAustralianwayoflifeisthreatenedbyashix19fromdetachedhousingtomixeduseneighbourhoods.Sydneyx19swishfordeveloperstobowtopopularresistancetofurtherdevelopmenthasbeenrealised.Developershavegoneonstrikerefusingtodevelopunlpublicatudesandpolicieschange.HousingconstruconinSydneyisnowbarelyhalfthatofMelbournenotwithstandingSydneyhaving400000moreresidents.Theretreatofdevelopershascausedaseverehousingshortageandeconomicslumpthatwillrequireconcertedex16ortbystateandlocalgovernmenttoreverse.Thereluctanceofcouncilstorezonelandoccupiedbydetachedhousesformulpledwellingsandcomplexlocalplanninglawsanddevelopmentregulaonsappliedslowlyandinconsistentlyhaspushedupthecostoferecngunitsapartmentsterracesandtownhouses.TheshortageofsuchaccommodaoninSydneyisrex18ectedinthecurrentmedianrentforanapartmentbeingonly30shortofthatforaself-standinghouse.Youngpeoplearespendinglongerwiththeirparentsorseekingsharedaccommodaonwithstrangersbecausetheycanx19tax16ordrenngontheirownletalonebuyingahouse.Yetfamilyformaontypicallyrequiresaccesstoprivatehousingevenifsmall.Thedenialofax16ordableaccommodaontoyoungerSydneycouplesisdelayingmarriageandchild-rearingandresulnginmorecongestedlivingquarters.RatherthanbecomingmoreliveableSydneyissux16eringhousingstresswiththepriceoftheaveragehousebeingbeyondthereachofthetypicalyoungfamilystarngoutandrentsreachingheightsthatpushordinarypeopleintopoverty.Ironicallyexisngresidentswhileenjoyinghighhomepricesmayhavedix17cultydownsizingwhentheywanttorerebecausemostofSydneyisox16boundstomulpledwellings.Soitcouldbehardertosellself-standinghousesforwhichthereisanoversupplyandbuyingapartmentsandtownhousesforwhichthereisascarcityespeciallyinareaswherepeoplewanttolive.Thisresulngaccommodaonimbalanceisdisadvantagingbothexisngandaspiringhomeowners.SomethinghastogiveorSydneywillincreasinglybecomeaself-detachedhousingslumasagrowingpopulaonembraceslivingwithparentsorhousesharingastheonlyalternavetoblockeddevelopment.ExtendedfamilylivingmaybeanidealforthecollecvelymindedbutformostSydneysiderstheindividualfamilyunitwithitsownaccommodaonissllthepreferredmodeofliving.Likewisemostsingleswanttheirownhabitaonastheygrowolder.AmorecompactSydneywouldsllhavevasttractsofsingledwellingsuburbs.Denseraccommodaonwouldbelocatedintransportcorridorsandhubswheremulpleusebuildingswouldhaveshopsandpublicameniesatstreetlevelandapartmentsandox17cesabovethem.TransportinterchangeswouldbecomethefociofmodernurbancentrelayoutwithacommunityhubconsisngofsmartshopscafesandrestaurantsliketheItalianForuminNortonStreetLeichhardtsurroundedbyawalloftallerresidenalandox17cebuildingsfallingox16intomediumtolowrisesuburbswithmul-usestructures.SuchEuropeanstylecity-planningwouldallowmorepeopletoliveworkandrelaxintheirownneighbourhoodtherebyreducingcommungmetrax17ccongesonandcarpolluon.Densertransportcorridorswouldmakeamodernmasstransitsystemeconomicaltobuild.ThebasicplanningtenetthatdivideswherepeopleworkliveandleisureisavesgeoftheindustrialrevoluonwhichisturningSydneyintoaLosAngelesofcarcommuters.Adopngamixed-usecityscapeakintoapre-industrialnetworkofcentreswouldmakecommuniesmoreself-containedeconomicallyandsociallytherebystrengtheninglocalidentyandprideincreasingneighbourhoodinteraconfosteringmorevoluntaryacviesanddiscouragingdelinquencyandcrimestemmingfromsocialexclusionandisolaon.PART1SYDNEYx19SLIVEABILITYCRISIS